Located in the heart of the old "carrière", which means street" in Provençal, and listed as a Historic Monument since 1924, the very original synagogue is remarkably well preserved.
Built at the end of the 15th century on the foundations of an old house, the synagogue only retains part of the lower hall and the staircase tower from this period. Partly rebuilt above a portion of the street in the 18th century, it is designed on two superimposed levels and its layout takes on specificities specific to the communities of Comtat Venaissin and Avignon.
The architectural and ornamental vocabulary, unique in the world, which was found in the four synagogues of the Comtat in the 18th century is preserved only in Cavaillon and Carpentras.
The synagogue was a major element of the life of the community, both a place of prayer, meeting but also a school. It now houses the Comtadin Jewish Museum (Musée de France) which has a rich collection of religious objects and manuscripts testifying to the collective life of the "Jews of the Pope".